Between 1941 and 1945, the U.S. military mass-produced more
than 150,000 distinctive metal structures patterned after the
Nissen huts developed by the British military 25 years and one
world war earlier. Because the British hut’s designer
held a number of international patents, the American version
was quickly renamed the Quonset hut, for the manufacturing
plant near the Naval Air Station at Quonset Point, R.I., where
the first units were produced.
The Quonset hut’s arched steel ribs were assembled from
two deformed sections of steel channel tack-welded back to
back, creating a serpentine nailing groove that would accept
conventional fasteners for both the outer steel cladding and
the interior finish of battened 3/16-inch hardboard.
For its day, the Quonset hut was an engineering marvel. When
dismantled, it was lighter and less bulky than the canvas tents
with wooden frames that it replaced. It could be shipped
anywhere and — thanks to its ingenious nailable steel
ribs — assembled by a 10-man crew in one day, using only
hand tools. Throughout World War II, the Quonset became the
standard military utility building of all regions and climates,
from the Greenland icecap to the South Pacific.
Quon-Kote paint was just the thing to give a Quonset that
“trim, well-kept look.” It came in five colors
— white, cream, red, green, and gray.
At the end of the war, when returning servicemen and pent-up
demand led to a desperate housing shortage — government
estimates put the need for additional homes at 3.5 million for
1946 alone — the Quonset hut rose to the emergency yet
again. Surplus huts were sold to veterans for as little as
$295, and the Great Lakes Steel Corp. — the largest
manufacturer of wartime huts — began churning out
Quonsets for the civilian market. (The word “hut”
was quietly dropped at about this time, perhaps because it
smacked of wartime austerity).
The owner of this modest residence followed the advice of the
Arts & Architecture magazine writer who urged readers to
“keep the form simple. Avoid dormers with orthodox roofs,
period balustrades, unrelated forms. The Quonset can be
accented with trellises.”
For several years it seemed that Quonsets were everywhere,
from homes to churches and auto dealerships. Other
manufacturers quickly joined in, spinning off such products as
the wonderfully named Quon-Kote paint from Sherwin-Williams.
But while the humble structures hung on for a surprisingly long
time in some applications — at Yale they housed married
students until well into the ’60s — they fell from
grace as residential development ramped up and more traditional
housing became available. Outside of Alaska, where military
surplus huts are still fairly common, Quonsets are now a
rarity.
Few mourn their passing, but those who do can turn to the
Princeton Architectural Press’s Quonset Hut: Metal
Living for a Modern Age for a wealth of information and
images like those shown here. — Jon
Vara